What are the 7 cultural universals?

Examples of elements that may be considered cultural universals are gender roles, the incest taboo, religious and healing ritual, mythology, marriage, language, art, dance, music, cooking, games, jokes, sports, birth and death because they involve some sort of ritual ceremonies accompanying them, etc.

What is one difference between expressing fear verbally and through the release of pheromones?

What is one difference between expressing fear verbally and through the release of pheromones? The verbal expression is conscious; the release of pheromones is unconscious. What evidence in the archaeological record suggests that human language existed 50,000 years ago?

What animals use pheromones to communicate?

Bees, wasps, ants, moths and other insects rely largely upon pheromones as a means of communication. Pheromones are chemical substances which may be secreted in urine, dung or produced by special glands. They are usually given off by the female of the species to attract males.

How do pheromones affect behavior?

A pheromone is a chemical that an animal produces which changes the behavior of another animal of the same species. Some describe pheromones as behavior-altering agents. Many people do not know that pheromones trigger other behaviors in the animal of the same species, apart from sexual behavior.

Why is animal communication not a language?

Researchers say that animals, non-humans, do not have a true language like humans. However they do communicate with each other through sounds and gestures. Animals have a number of in-born qualities they use to signal their feelings, but these are not like the formed words we see in the human language.

What animals can communicate with humans?

Chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans have used sign language, physical tokens, keyboards and touch screens to communicate with humans in numerous research studies. The research showed that they understood multiple signals and produced them to communicate with humans.

Five groups of mammals can do it: humans, bats, elephants and seals, plus cetaceans like dolphins and whales. There are also three groups of birds that can do vocal learning: parrots, songbirds, and hummingbirds.

Can any animals cry?

Darwin thought monkeys and elephants wept. But modern scientists believe the only animal to really break down in tears is us. ‘In the sense of producing emotional tears, we are the only species,’ he says. All mammals make distress calls, like when an offspring is separated from its mother, but only humans cry, he says.

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